Household Food Insecurity and Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) : a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: A significant public health concern affecting children's emotional regulation is household food insecurity (HFI). Common challenges among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and emotional dysregulation (ED) may be aggravated by food insecurity. However, limited research has explored the relationship between HFI and ED in children with ASD, particularly in a low-income country like Bangladesh. Aim: This study aims to examine the association between household food insecurity and emotional dysregulation symptoms in children with ASD. Method: A cross-sectional study design was employed, with data collected from 200 parents or caregivers of children with ASD receiving therapy at rehabilitation and special education centers. The HFSSM assessed household food security, while the SDQ measured symptoms of emotional dysregulation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modeling to identify potential associations. Result: The results show that a substantial proportion of households, 86% classified as having poor food security and 14%, as having very low food security, were experiencing food insecurity. Children with ASD frequently have emotional dysregulation; 41% of them had extremely high ED levels. A substantial correlation (p < 0.05) was found between elevated emotional dysregulation scores and household food insecurity. Regression analysis also showed that sociodemographic factors, such as monthly food expenses and the caregiver's role, had a significant impact on the degree of emotional dysregulation. Conclusion: This study reveals how household food insecurity disrupts emotional regulation in children with ASD, particularly in Bangladesh. Addressing this challenge through targeted programs such as nutritional assistance and equitable policy reforms could meaningfully improve the emotional dysregulation of the children with ASD. The results urgency of uniting healthcare experts, policymakers, and community organizations to combat food insecurity and improve emotional outcomes for children with ASD. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Household Food Insecurity, Emotional Dysregulation